Pearl Harbor (by Laura and Coleen)

Pearl Harbor

The attack on Pearl Harbor was on December 7th 1941 on Hawaii, that's why it is also called the "Hawaii Operation".
Over 2400 Americans died and more than 1200 were wounded aswell, but only about 70 japanese people died
The Japanese attacked the United States surprisingly with a total of 353 japanese military planes and after this attack the United States definitely joined World War II.
During the 1930s tensions between the two countries steadily increased and in 1940 the United States warned Japan aginst marching in Indochina and when Japan did it anyhow the United States stopped importing oil and steel to Japan.
In eleven days the japanese planes flew unnoticed to Hawaii. The main goals of this attack were: neutralization of the pacific navy, elimination of the base Pearl Harbor and the elimination of the american air force. The attack was arranged by Kido Butai.
Because the United States didn't reckon with an attack from Japan everything wasn't locked.

Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki(by Colin and Hendrik)

Hiroshima & Nagasaki were two japanese cities, which were destroyed near the end of the second world war by american atomic bombings. In Hiroshima 90.000 to 200.000 people died by the immediate effects and the long-term effects. In Nagasaki, more than 80.000. Both cities were nearly complete destroyed. They were the soley cities which were ever bombed by atomic bombs. After the bombing the japanese capitulated immediantly.

The battle of Betio

Ishmael Chambers lost his arm during the battle at Betio, a tiny island in the Tarawa Atoll in the South Pacific.
The Battle was fought from November 20 - 23, 1943. 35.000 American troups fought against about 4500 Japanese. The Americans thought it was critically important to get a hold of this island in the central pacific. Up to this point, landing with amphibious vehicles hadn't met with a lot of resistance. But this time, the Japanese were very well equipped and prepared for battle. They fought almost to the last men. The US Marines (always more of an elite unit, I think Ishmael was a part of them) lost 1000 men, the US Navy about 700, and more than 3000 were wounded. In the end, the U.S. prevailed because of their overwhelming advantage in manpower and equipment.

The U.S.

Manzanar

Manzanar
Manzanar—the Spanish word for “apple orchard” -> "Apfelplantage"

History
10,000 years ago native americans settled in the valley, today known as Mazanar .
1,500 years ago the Owens Valley Paiute settled there, fished, hunted and conduct agriculture there.
In the 1860´s Miners and Ranchers settled in the valley and about 1,000 Paiutes were forced resettled by the military to Fort Tejon.
In 1929 the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power purchased all land and water rights.
The culture of the village was manly the developing agriculture. The increasing tourism has it termination with the outset of World War II.






For further informations click the link below
Manzanar National Historic Site

Japanese culture part 2

Cuisine

The Japanese have a specific food culture. It is a healthy and delicious fare. The japanese cuisine becomes to be very famous in the U.S., Europe and Australia. Favored foods are: Sushi, Terijaki chicken and Tempura.






Sushi

Japantown, San Francisco

There are three Japantowns in the United States left.San Francisco's Japantown,aka "J-Town" or "Little Osaka" because of a sistership with Osaka. It's the oldest and largest of them.After bombing Pearl Habour,a huge part of the Japanese Population was taken into internment camps.The district remained empty,but the african-american population filled the gap quickly.Some Japanese people returned, as an investment of the japanese government and many companies.The city tried to revive the district as an Japanese quater.Nowadays there are a lot of japanese restaurants, shops and festivals.But it is only a shadow of what it was before the Second World War.


Johanna Kruse & Kai Nohe

Japanese town in San Francisco

The Japanese town of San Francisco is called "J-Town" or "Little Osaka". They call it "Little Osaka" because San Francisco entered a city sister relationship with Osaka (third biggest city of Japan).

It is the biggest Chinatown of the United States and includes 24 blocks. The main thoroughfare is at the post street and is called "dragon's gate", which was built in 1970.

There were 2 catastrophes in the "life" of the Japanese town: World War 2 and a earthquake in 1906. The people who live there say, that the Japanese town that we know is only a shadow of what it was before Wolrd War 2.

In J-Town, there live nearly 80.000 people, so it is the biggest Japanese community outside of Asia.
Even in bad times, there come very much tourists to Chinatown. Even more than to the Golden Gate Bridge.
"If you walk along the bush street, you will feel like being in Honk Kong. Espeacially when you see the McDonalds sing with Japanese signs next to it." Thats what most of the tourists say about the Chinatown of San Francisco.

Japanese culture

Visual arts
Painting: the brush is a traditional writing tool and the pictures often show the nature.
You can also often see calligraphy in their pictures ( calligraphy= writing in italic lines).
Traditional Japanese sculptures: mainly settled on the subject of Buddhist images.
Ukiyo-e ( pictures of the floating world): is a genre of woodcuts and illustrated books.
Ikebana (living flower): is the Japanese art of flower arrangements.
Performing arts: are for exemple the four traditional theatres from Japan which are noh, kyogen, kabuki and bunraku.
Architecture: traditional architectures are seen at temples and
castles, with traditional gardens.
Clothes: The traditional Japanese clothes are the Kimonos
("something one wears")



Made by Denise, Silke and Judith

Manzanar - Japanese incernment camp in California

Ansel Adams a photographer who is famous for his nature pictures also took pictures at the Manzanar camp. 

"This Republic of Suffering - Army of Death

The president of Harvard University, Drew Gilpin Faust, wrote a book on the Civil War. It's called 'This Republic of Suffering". Here is how the review in the NYTimes starts:

During the Civil War, my great-great-grandfather, a Presbyterian clergyman, served as chaplain to the 104th New York Infantry Regiment. He was a man of stern moral conviction and in weekly letters to his parishioners back home allowed little to escape his censorious eye. President Lincoln’s erratic church attendance irritated him. So did mud and heat and the “intemperance” and “profanity” that he believed were the “great sins of our army,” and he was infuriated by the proximity of his quarters to the “tents of several of the most blasphemous, immoral persons I ever heard.” But in the aftermath of Gettysburg, words failed him. “Sad scenes!” was all he could write after two days spent officiating at the trench burials of Union and Confederate boys. “I have no time, strength nor heart to recall and narrate what I have seen!”

Little wonder. Some 7,000 corpses lay scattered across the Pennsylvania countryside, alongside more than 3,000 dead horses and mules — an estimated six million pounds of human and animal flesh, swollen and blackening in the July heat. For weeks afterward, townspeople carried bottles of peppermint oil to neutralize the smell.

Americans had never endured anything like the losses they suffered between 1861 and 1865 and have experienced nothing like them since. Two percent of the United States population died in uniform — 620,000 men, North and South, roughly the same number as those lost in all of America’s other wars from the Revolution through Korea combined. The equivalent toll today would be six million.

The lasting but little-understood impact of all that sacrifice is the subject of Drew Gilpin Faust’s extraordinary new book, “This Republic of Suffering: Death and the American Civil War.” “Death created the modern American union,” she writes, “not just by ensuring national survival, but by shaping enduring national structures and commitments.” And she continues: “The work of death was Civil War America’s most fundamental and most demanding undertaking.” Her account of how that work was done, much of it gleaned from the letters of those who found themselves forced to do it, is too richly detailed and covers too much ground to be summarized easily. She overlooks nothing — from the unsettling enthusiasm some men showed for killing to the near-universal struggle for an answer to the question posed by the Confederate poet Sidney Lanier: “How does God have the heart to allow it?”

Reading Log

Snow Falling On Cedars
Chapter 1-7


Chapter 1

The book starts with a description of the main character – Kabuo Miyamoto. In Chapter 1 we find out that he spent 77 days in jail, but we don’t know yet, why. After describing the court room and the jurors, the book goes on with a description of the beautiful landscape and the city, San Piedro, and we also get to know the local reporter Ishmael Chambers, who, at the end of Chapter 1, talks to Kabuo’s wife Hatsue.

“Snow fell that morning outside the courthouse windows, four tall, narrow arches of leaded glass that yielded a great quantity of weak December light. [ . . . ] The sea wind drove snowflakes steadily inland, hurling them against the fragrant trees, and the snow began to settle on the highest branches with a gentle implacability.” (Page 6, 20-31)
I like this part of the text, because the reader is able to imagine the happening place a lot better. I also think that this part is well written and it’s a great opposite of the part before, where the writer only describes Kabuo and his habitation in jail.

The characters we get to know in Chapter 1 are mainly Kabuo, his wife Hatsue and the reporter Ishmael.
Because Kabuo doesn’t say much in this Chapter, I can’t really form an opinion about him, yet. Hatsue and Ishmael seem to be familiar with each other, because Ishmael calls Hatsue by her forename. In this Chapter Ishmael starts to be very likeable for me, because it seems like he’s a man who had to go through a lot of stuff in his life, for example he lost his left arm during war, and while he talks to Hatsue he seems to be a really caring person.

A question I was asking myself after reading Chapter 1 was, how Ishmael and Hatsue know each other. It says that there are some racial conflicts in the book aswell and because of that I can’t imagine a Japanese woman and an American reporter being friends.
Another question that came to my mind was of course, how Kabuo got into jail.

Chapter 2

In Chapter 2 we first find out some stuff about the crime the book is about. A fisherman, Carl Heine, died on September 16th. Then, in the courtroom, the proceeding starts when the prosecutor, Alvin Hooks, interrogates a witness – the sheriff Art Moran. During this interrogation we also get a little description of Art Moran. After that, there is a leap in time and we find Art Moran and his deputy Abel Martinson talking on the boat of the dead fisherman, the Susan Marie, suggesting about his death. Then we find out a lot about Carl Heine and his life and that he was found dead in his fishernet.

“His eyes were open too, but the pupils had disappeared – Art saw how they’d revolved backward and now looked inward at his skull.” (Page 20, 2-4)
I think this part of the text is important because it shows how immense the crime is and that violence was involved, because we also find out that the victim hit his head really hard. I think it’s a creepy sight to see someone’s eyeballs revolving backward into the skull and I can imagine it was hard for the sheriff to see because he knew the victim.

The new characters in Chapter 2 are the sheriff Art Moran, his deputy Abel Martinson, the dead fisherman Carl Heine and the prosecutor Alvin Hooks.
The person I like least in this Chapter is Alvin Hooks, because in my opinion he asks a lot of useless questions. Sheriff Art Moran is a person I like because he’s a person that demands and wants to get behind things.

After reading Chapter 2 I was asking myself, how the fisherman Carl Heine died and I wondered how he got the big wound on his head. We don’t know yet if he died because of that or if he drowned or if there are more wounds that Art and Abel didn’t find yet.

A reaction I can totally understand is, when Abel has to vomit after finding the dead body of Carl. I think I would’ve reacted the same way if I was his age (He’s 24) and hadn’t seen a corpse all my life.

Chapter 3

The proceeding in court continues in Chapter 3. Here, Kabuo’s defender, Nels Gudmundsson, interrogates the sheriff Art Moran.

“’A 6 and a 8?’ Nels said.
‘Yes.’
‘I did some measuring down at the chandlery,’ said Nels. ‘A D-6 is wider than a D-8 by an inch. It wouldn’t fit into the Susan Marie’s battery well, sheriff. It was an inch to large for that.’” (Page 24, 3-7)
I think this is an important part in Chapter 3 because it shows how interested Nels is in this case and how he demands everything the witnesses say. After reading this I also shortly thought about the sheriff being the one, who killed Carl.

New characters in Chapter 3 are only Nels Gudmundsson, Kabuo’s defender in court.
Nels is also a person that seems sympathic to me because I can totally understand the questions he asks in court about the inventory of the ship.

“’Are you sure of this?’
‘I don’t remember hitting him on anything, no, Mr. Gudmundsson. We were careful, as I’ve said already.’” (Page 26, 16-18)
I can understand this answer the sheriff gave and I think I would’ve reacted the same. Of course he can’t be sure the wound on Carl’s head didn’t come up when he and Abel pulled Carl up from the net but I also think it’s not as possible as the murder hitting him on the head. If Carl got the wound during being pulled up Art and Abel would’ve recognized, so I think this reaction of the sheriff is very good.

Chapter 4

Chapter 4 starts in court where the judge calls for a recess. After that we find out a lot about Ishmael and his father Arthur. Chapter 4 also says that Ishmael knew Carl from school. Then there is a leap in time and it’s the afternoon after court and Art and Abel meet other fishermen at the docks. Then there is a part about fishing in general in San Piedro. When Ishmael arrives at the docks they all talk about Carl and his death and the sheriff finds out that some of the fishermen saw Carl going out to sea the day he died and that Kabuo and other Japanese people also fish in the bay and his ship is called Islander. After that Art and Ishmael leave the other men and Art tells Ishmael what would be best to write in his article.

“’You see Susan Marie?’ asked Ishmael.
‘I did,’ said Art. ‘Boy.’
‘Three kids,’ said Ishmael. ‘What’s she going to do?’
‘I don’t know,’ said the sheriff.
‘She say anything?’
‘Not a word.’” (Page 38, 4-9)
I think this part is interesting because it’s the first time in this book we actually find out what Carl’s wife Susan Marie (He named his boat after her) thinks about the whole situation and it’s the first time she’s actually mentioned for some time. It made me really sad after reading because I can imagine what a big loss it is to loose your husband when he’s doing his job and I can totally understand that Susan Marie didn’t want to talk to the sheriff.

New persons in Chapter 4 are Lew Fielding, the judge, some fishermen (Dale Middleton, Leonard George, Jan Sorensen, Marty Johansson and Willian Gjovaag), Carl’s wife Susan Marie and Ishmaels wife Lillian is mentioned, too. The fishermen also talk about Kenji, but I’m not sure if he’s Kabuo’s brother or if they just work together.

The fishermen are absolutely not sympathic to me, they make jokes about Ishmael and the Japanese people in San Piedro and talk really bad about them.
Ishmael still seems like a good person to me because he still stays at the docks and talks with the sheriff even though the fishermen don’t like him and make jokes.

Chapter 5

Chapter 5 starts in court, where the Island County Coroner Horace Whaley is going to be interrogated. There is a little description about Horace, too. After that there is a flashback and the scene changes to when Carl’s dead body is brought to Horace and he sends Abel away so he can do an autopsy. There he finds out that Carl died in the water, he drowned. Before, he was hit with a Kendo stick, a stick Japanese people use for fighting.

“He had not died first and then been cast beneath the waves. Carl Heine had gone in breathing.” (Page 50, 21-22)
This part of the Chapter is really important to me because it raises the interest of the reader in this criminal case. The Coroner finds out that Carl didn’t die because of his wound in the head. He drowned and now it is unclear if the person who hit Carl on the head just wanted to hurt him, or if he threw Carl into the sea after hitting him.

New characters we get to know during Chapter 5 are Horace Whaley, the Island County Coroner.
He seems like a weird person to me because he does his job very seriously and carefully but he also doesn’t seem very social when he sends Abel away and thinks about him as a Damn Kid.

The main question I asked myself after reading Chapter 5 was of course, why Carl drowned and if the person who hurt Carl just wanted to hurt him or if he also threw Carl over board so he would drown.

Chapter 6

This Chapter also starts in court when Nels interrogates Horace. He wants to prove that it doesn’t has to be a Japanese Kendo stick that hit Carl on his head. Then, Art takes Abel’s truck to see Susan Marie and tell her that her husband died. When he arrives at the house the two older children, two boys, open the door. Susan Marie just took care of the little baby when the sheriff brings the bad news.

I think it is really hard to understand the time of every part. Sometimes the scene happens in the past, sometimes in the present, and in my opinion it isn’t always easy to understand in which time the part you’re reading is written.

“’Carl is dead,’ said Art Moran.
[ . . . ]
‘Carl?’ said Susan Marie Heine. ‘That can’t be.’
[ . . . ]
Suddenly she backed away from him, blinking, sat down hard on the bottom stair, and set the baby bottle on the floor beside her toes. She dug her elbows into her lap and began to rock with the diaper between her hands, wringing it between her fingers.
‘I knew this would happen one day,’ she whispered. Then she stopped rocking and stared into the living room.” (Page 66/67, 31-42)
In this part I can totally understand Susan Marie’s reaction. It has to be hard to know that your husband is out alone all day at sea. First, I couldn’t understand why she said she knew it would happen one day but then I thought about that it is very possible for fishermen to die or have an accident during fishing, when they’re out alone.

New characters in Chapter 6 are only the two boys of Carl and Susan Marie. But Susan Marie really takes action in the story for the first time, aswell.
She seems like a real mother to me, she walks around in no good clothes and without make up and she’s in the story for the first time now and what she just did was taking care of her children.

Chapter 7

In this Chapter we first get to know a lot about the Japanese people in San Piedro. Then, Hatsue visits Kabuo in jail and we find out how she deals at home without Kabuo. Following there is a description of Hatsue and her life, which was very hard and strict. This Chapter also tells us that Ishmael was Hatsue’s first kiss, not Kabuo, but she never told him. After that Hatsue and Kabuo talk about the past and the first time they slept together and that Kabuo had to leave to fight in the war.

“Hatsue would remember on the day of her wedding that her first kiss had been from this boy, Ishmael Chambers, while they clung to a glass box and floated in the ocean. But when her husband asked if she had kissed anyone before, Hatsue answered never.” (Page 78, 29-32)
In this part my conclusion that Hatsue and Ishmael know each other becomes true. From the beginning, I always thought about some relationship between the two of them. This part is really important for the story because we find out that Hatsue lied to Kabuo, because he was not the first man in her life.

A new person we get to know is Mrs. Shigemura, Hatsue’s former teacher. She told Hatsue everything about being a woman and a good wife and how to deal with men. She doesn’t seem like a sympathic person to me because she seems to be very strict and in my opinion she kind of ruined Hatsue’s former life.

Preparing for Your Class Text - 11c

Our first class test will be about the American South. You will be given a text that you have to read and understand. The text will be annotated, i.e. I will give explanations for difficult words.   

You will have to work on the following parts:

I Comprehension:

Comprehension is another word for 'understanding'. You will get two questions. In answering these questions you show that you understand the text. There will be 2 - 3 comprehension questions.

II Comment:

I will give you a choice of two topics that are related to the text, but will give you a chance to expand on the issue. For example: "Do you think slavery still exists today? Give examples and show ways to end slavery."

III Grammar: Exercises the way we did them in class.

This is what the test will be about:

 The South

 – Hurricane Ike/Katrina, geographical facts, Slavery, Civil War

To prepare watch the video clips again, read the hand-outs, read the blog, read the 11b blog, go back to the website on Civil War that we worked on.

Make sure you can explain what the Triangle Trade was, why the South 'needed' slaves, why Gettysburg is important, and what happened in New Orleans during Hurricane Katrina.

 Grammar:

for and since

past progressive – simple Past

countable/uncountable nouns

To prepare, study the hand-outs you received. 

 Vocabulary:

surge, levee, to evacuate, plight, deploy, emergency supplies, launch, domestic/foreign, sustainable, spend/donate/give, mansion column, colonial style, plantation, to lynch, cargo, port, to enslave, Middle Passage, molasses, manufactured goods

I will not ask vocabulary questions in this test - these are just for you!

The Origin of the Confederate States of America

In February 1861 seven

south - southern

cotton states , South Carolina,

Missipi - well, isn't that word a little longer? 4 is, 4 ps, 

Florida, Alabama, Lousiana, Georgia and Texas,

disassociated - better still: segregated  or secededtheirselves themselves

from the Union.These seven states formed the Confederate States of America after the attack on Fort Sumter.

and Jefferson Davis was their first president. - this should be a phrase of its own.

The bombardment and capitulation on Fort Sumter actually was the reason for the American Civil War. Afterwards President Lincoln called for an volunteer army from each state.Thereupon four more states , Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina and Tennesse, declared their seperation within two months. That's how the Confederate States

originated - better: were founded or came into being.

by Tim R.

The deadliest war in american history

The American Civil War was a war between the states of

america - its America - always CAPITALIZE countries, languages, proper names

 from 1861 until 1865.  - You need a full sentence here: The war lasted from....

The U.S. federal government (The "Union") was led by Abraham Lincoln, who lived from 1809 until 1865, when he was shot during the Civil War. He was an opponent of slavery in the United States

and before becoming the first republican president of the United States, he was a lawyer. - again here: start a new sentence (There needs to be a commar separating sub clause and main clause!!)

The "enemies" were the eleven southern slave states, which formed the Confederate States of America and were led by Jefferson Davis. The war began April 1861, when forces from the South attacked a U.S. military installation. Then, both sides built armies to fight

against the others. - better: each other

 September 1862 Abraham Lincoln held a

speach, - tapo: speech

 which was called the Emancipation Proclamation and made clear that ending slavery in the south was his goal of this war. The Civil War of America is also called the deadliest war in american - again: America

history because over 620,000 soldies died. It ended April 1865

as - it needs to be when here

 the resistance of the southern states finally broke.

The great American Civil War

In the American Civil War(1861-1865) the Union states of America, as known as the Union, fought against the Confederate states of America. About 3 million people fought in the civil war and over 600000 people died in the war. In the Civil War there were many big and bloody battles for example the battle of Antietam. And there were also some important speeches for example from Abraham Lincoln. He honoured the fallen Soldiers of the big battle at Gettysburg.

Reasons for the Civil War

The Civil War was fought between the Union and the Confederated States of America. The last named seperated from the Union after Lincoln's election for president.They are located in the south-east of North America and reach from México to Virginia. and were full of plantages run by slaves. While in the North slavery was not needed due to the rapidly growing and expanding industrie, the South did not want to abolish the use and sell of slaves of which they made their money. So this and other disagreements heatened and tighten the relationsship between the North and the South until it reached its peak at the bombardment of Fort Sumter, which triggered the Civil War.

The American Civil War

The Civil War was a fight between the Union which was led by George Brinton McClellan, and the Confederate States of America, which were led by Joseph E. Johnston. More than 3 million Americans fought and 2 percent died in it from 1861 to 1865.

This war was the most important event in the life of the nation. It was the watershed of a new political and economic order and it saw the end of slavery and the downfall of a southern planter aristocracy.

What began as a dispute over Union and States' Rights, ended as a struggle over the meaning of freedom in America. At Gettysburg in 1863, Abraham Lincoln made an important speech to honour the fallen soldiers from the fight at Gettysburg.

Dawn of War

The american civil war start in 1861 end ended in 1865. In this 4 years died more than 600.000 people.

Answers no. 1: The states, which fought for the confederation were Texas, Florida, Arkansas, Mississipi, Alabama, Tennessee, Southand North Carolina, Virginia, and Washington.

The General of the Confederate Army was Joseph E. Johnston. He was born in 1807 and died after the war in 1870.

His enemy, the General of the Union Army, was George Brinton McClellan, which was born in 1826 and died in 1885.

The battle of Antietam was the bloodiest single day of war.

The battle of Gettysburg was the most important battle if the american civil war.

The speach of Abraham Lincoln in Gettysburg was on November the 19th 1863.

It´s to honor the dead and the living soldiers of the war.

Three quotes of this spech are: ,,This war costs too many lives"
,,It should never be forget"
,,It should be ended very fast"

The American Civil War

The states which were part of the Confederate States of America were: Missisippi,Florida,Alabama,Georgia,Louisiana and Texas.
The General of the C.S. was Robert E.Lee (1807-1870) and the General of the Union Army was U.S. Grant(1822-1885).The Civil War was fought in 10,000 places, from Valverde, New Mexico, and Tullahoma, Tennessee, to St. Albans, Vermont, and Fernandina on the Florida coast.
In 1862 was the battle of Antietam, it was the bloodiest battle in the civil war.
A important thing was the speech of Abraham Lincoln in 1863 one year after the battle of Anthietam.It was delivered at the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery in Gettysburg,Pennsylvania .





Abraham Lincoln(1809-1865)

The Civil War

The Civil war, which was between different states of the United States, lasted 4 years. The Belligerents were the Union ( United States of America) and the Confederacy( Confederate States of America). In the civil war there were a lot of battles, but there was one which was particularly cruel: the battle of Antietam. This was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history with about 23000 casualties. Another important thing was the famous speech of Abraham Lincoln at November 19 1863. He gave this speech in front of the new cemetery for the fallen soldiers from the Battle of Gettysburg.

By David Schillings

American Civil War

There were 11 states which were part of the Confederate States of America: Texas, Arkansas, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North-, South Carolina, Louisiana, Virginam and Tennessee.
The general of the Confederate army was Joseph Eagelston Johnsten (3. Feb. 1807-21. March 1891).
The general of the Union army was Georg B. McClellan.
Abraham Lincoln said in Gettysburg more than he knew ----> birth of freedom!

Gettysburg
The strength of the Union army was greater than the Confederate army with the former having 90000 soldiers while the latter contained about 75000 troops. The meeting point for the two armies was Gettysburg, which was in Pennsylvania and the meeting took place in the year 1863 on the 1st of July.
This was the battle with the largest number of casualties in the American Civil War.

Lincolns' speech
The speech was about the american foreigners who founded the great nation America.
So he said a fight between north and south is a huge mistake.
Some quotes:
''Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all human beings are created equal''

by Lui Hadgu

Assassines Creed

This is John Wilkes Booth. He´s Americas most famous assassine. He´s the man, who shooting Abraham Lincoln in 1865. He was a actor and a Southern sympathizer. After his act he was shoot down, and died days later. As he assassinated Lincoln he screamed: "Sic semper tyrannis". He ended the life of one of the most importanr American Politicans.

Part of the confederated side States were Texas, Tennesee, Arkansas, Mississipi, Alabama, Virginia, North and South Carolina, Georgia and Louisiana.The general of the Confederated Army, was Robert E. Lee. He was born in January 1807 and he died in Oktober1870. The General of the Union Army was George Brington Mc Clellan. He was born in 1826 and died in 1885.The battle of Antietam was the bloodiest day of the Civil War.The war of Gattysburg was the most important battle of the Civil War.At November 19th 1863 Lincoln gave his Gettysburg Address.This speech is about, that many brave solidiers died, and that the Civil War have to be ended very fast.Three quotes are that the War cost many lives, that he should be ended very fast and that this should never be forgotten.

The American Civil War

The American Civil War was fought by 3 million people from 1861-1865 and over 2percent of the population(600,000men)died in it.The Confederate States of America under general Joseph Hooker(including:South Carolina,Mississippi,Florida,Alabama,Georgia,Louisiana and Texas) fought against the Union Army under general Robert E. Lee. The war was fought in 10000 places from New Mexico to Tennessee and down to the coast of Florida.The bloodiest single day of the war the battle of Anitietam where about 23000 people died on both sides.That's the double number of casualties of D-Day 82 years later.In 1963 at November 19.Abraham Lincoln gave his Gettysburg Address,that famous speech is about the victims of the civil war,the rebirth of the american liberty and the reunion of the nation.I think the most important quote in this speech is."The world will little note,nor long remember what we say here,but it can never forget what they did here".Just days after winning the nation's bloodiest war he was gunned down by an assassin.He was the tragic figure in the war between the states.

Kai Nohe

The Cohesion Of The United States of America

There were two partys in the war - North against South.
The South was called the Confederate States of America. The army was led under Robert E. Lee who died in 1870.

In the Civil War died more than 600.000 people. This was 2% of the american population at this time.

The Battle of Gettysburg was the turning point of the war and Abraham Lincoln gave his Gettysburg Address.
He said that there is a new beginning of the nation in liberty and that the war was to save the Union, and the cohesion of the United States of America - North and South.

The Brothers’ War

The Civil War was one of the worsest happenings of the United States although it was the beginning for more equality of people and rights for slaves.
One of its many names is 'the Brothers’ War'.
It describes the best that in the Civil War men fought against each other who live in the same country, maby even know each other.

Eleven southern states wich were affectedd of slave trade declared their seperation from the US and become the Confederate States of America.
The States were Texas, Arkansas, LA., Mississppi, Alabama, Tennesee, Georgia, Florida, South- and North- Carolina and Virginia.

The Confederate Army was adduced by the General Robert E. Lee (1807-1870), The Union Army by General Hiram Ulysses Grant (1822-1885), later known as 'U.S. Grant'. The U. S. stands for 'Unconditional Surrender' which should describe his personality: He never capitulate.


The Battle of Antietam
The Battle of Antietam, also known as the Battle of Sharpsburg, was on September 17, 1862 was the bloodiest battle fought on a single day, with about 23,000 wastages.


The Battle of Gettysburg
The Battle of Gettysburg is with 44.000 diabled and 5.500 casualties also one of the bloodiest battles of the Civil War. It is a deciding watershed. With the defeat of the Confederate Army under General E. Lee´s leadership the last offensive of the Confederates ends.


The Gettysburg Address
The Gettysburg Address -one the most important speeches in the history of the United States- is about the Decleration of Independence, thus about liberty and about
equality: 'Fourscore and seven years ago our fsthers brought forth on this continetnt a new nation, concieved in leberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal'
Abraham Lincoln bring that the men who fought for these facts shopuld not have died for nothing: '...that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom...'


By Michele Blago

The American Civil War

Texas, Arkensas, Mississippi, Tennesee, Alabama, Virginia, N.&S. Carolina, Georgia and Louisiana were part of the Confederate States of America.
Two important people of the Civil War were Joseph Johnston ( February 3, 1807- March 21, 1891) and Robert E. Lee (January 19, 1807-October 12, 1870).
In 1862 was the battle of Antietam which became historicle meaning because of the victory of the union troupes. The result of the victory was the freedom of the slaveries.
One year after the battle of Antietam, Abraham Lincoln gave his Gettysburg Address.It was about "a new birth of freedom", to create a unified nation in which States rights were no longer dominant and that the government of the people , by the people, for the people shall not pass away from the earth.

By Coleen and Denise

Researching the AmericanCivil War

Texas, Arkansas, Mississippi, Tenesse, Alabama., North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Florida, Gerorgia and Louisiana all were part of the Confederate States of America.
The general of the Confederate Army was Joseph Johnstone. He was born on february,3, 1807 and died on march, 21, 1891. The general of the Union Army was Robert E. Lee, he was born on january, 19, 1807 and died on octobre, 12, 1870.The historical significance is that Abraham Lincoln can present his declaration of emancipation about the liberation of the slavery to all other states.
Abraham Lincoln gave his speech in Gettysburg in 1863. He just offered 269 words and speaked only two and a half minutes. The speech was on november, 19th. It is about a "few appropricate remarks". One quote is that four score and seven years ago our fore fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equil.
By Silke and Judith